Understanding the cultural norms and social etiquette in GCC countries—Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Oman—is crucial for expatriates to integrate smoothly into their new environment. This guide covers essential cultural practices, dress codes, social interactions, and religious considerations to help expatriates navigate their life in the GCC.
Cultural Practices
Hospitality
Hospitality is a cornerstone of GCC culture. Guests are often treated with great respect and generosity. It is customary to offer food and drink to visitors, and refusing such offers may be considered impolite. Invitations to local homes should be accepted graciously, and it’s polite to bring a small gift.
Family
Family is highly valued, and family ties are strong. Publicly displaying respect for family and elders is important. Family gatherings are frequent and significant, with extended families often living close to one another. Respect for elders and authority figures is a deeply ingrained value.
Modesty
Modesty in behavior and attire is highly regarded. Public displays of affection are generally frowned upon. It’s essential to act respectfully and avoid drawing unnecessary attention.
Dress Code
General Guidelines
Dressing modestly is expected. For men, this typically means wearing long trousers and shirts with sleeves. Women should wear loose-fitting clothing that covers the shoulders and knees. Clothing should be respectful, avoiding overly tight or revealing garments.
Abaya and Hijab
In Saudi Arabia, women are required to wear an abaya (a long black cloak) in public. Wearing a hijab (headscarf) is also common, though not mandatory in all GCC countries. In places like the UAE and Qatar, the dress code is more relaxed, but modesty is still expected.
Traditional Attire
Traditional clothing, such as the thobe for men and abaya for women, is often worn. Expatriates are not expected to wear traditional attire but should dress respectfully. Wearing traditional attire during cultural events or visits to local families is appreciated and shows respect.
Social Interactions
Greetings
Handshakes are common, but men should wait for women to extend their hand first. It is also common to greet with a slight bow or by placing a hand over the heart. In more formal settings, the traditional Arabic greeting, “As-salamu alaykum” (peace be upon you), is appropriate.
Gender Interaction
Public interactions between men and women who are not family members should be limited. It is important to be aware of and respect gender segregation in social and professional settings. In business settings, professional etiquette is followed, but social settings may still observe gender boundaries.
Right Hand
The right hand is used for eating, greeting, and passing items, as the left hand is considered impolite for these actions. When receiving or offering something, always use the right hand or both hands together.
Religious Considerations
Islamic Practices
The majority of the population in GCC countries practices Islam. Being respectful of Islamic practices and customs is essential. It’s important to be aware of prayer times and to respect religious observances.
Prayer Times
There are five daily prayers, and during these times, businesses may close temporarily. It is respectful to be aware of and accommodate these practices. In public spaces, the call to prayer (Adhan) is broadcasted from mosques.
Ramadan
During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to sunset. Expatriates should avoid eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours out of respect. Many restaurants and cafes are closed during the day, but some places provide screened-off areas for non-Muslims to eat.
Friday Prayers
Friday is the holy day of the week for Muslims. Many businesses close for Friday prayers, and it is a time for communal worship. It’s common for Friday to be a day off or a half-day in most workplaces.
General Etiquette Tips
Punctuality
While being on time is appreciated, social gatherings may not always start punctually. Be flexible with time, especially for social events. In business settings, punctuality is more strictly observed.
Gift Giving
When invited to a local’s home, it is polite to bring a small gift, such as sweets or flowers. Avoid giving alcohol unless you are certain it is acceptable. Gifts should be given with both hands or the right hand.
Public Behavior
Loud behavior, public displays of affection, and showing anger in public are generally frowned upon. It’s important to maintain composure and act respectfully in public settings. Avoid discussing sensitive topics such as politics, religion, and personal matters unless you are well-acquainted with the person.
Conclusion
Understanding and respecting the cultural norms and social etiquette in GCC countries is crucial for expatriates to integrate smoothly and enjoy a positive experience. By embracing local customs, dressing modestly, engaging in respectful social interactions, and being mindful of religious practices, expatriates can build meaningful relationships and contribute positively to their new communities. Adapting to the cultural expectations in the GCC can lead to a rewarding and enriching expatriate experience.
